playing cards

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• LIVEABOU T-Over there than buying a Trump deck
• THE GUARDIA N-Facerit Cash: Short Carter

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author David Pallet writer. Author of OXFORD SITUATION OF BORATING GAMES and DICTIONARY OF CARD GAMES. David Pallet Verification in the case Editor of Britanica Encyclopedia

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Trump is a card with numbers and illustrations (both), and is used for games, study, fortun e-telling, and vibration. If you do not pay attention to the fact that all efforts have been paid to comply with the

Western playing cards are usually made of rectangular pieces of paper or delicate cardboard, glued together to form an evenly-sized semi-branded cloth. They are similar in shape and volume, and are fairly small, so that a reasonable number can be held in one hand, and are often laid out so that an identifying mark is visible on each card. One side of each card, the front or face, is marked with such a mark so that it can be identified and distinguished from other cards, and the other side, the back or blank, or artil-based sketch, is painted with such a mark. The corners are usually rounded small to prevent wear. In the late 20th century, it became common for cards to be coated with plastic to withstand wear, and all-plastic cards were included.

In card games, there is usually a precedent that each player has the ability to qualify only the cards he owns, and his rivals cannot qualify. This character refers to the tiles in dominoes and mahjong. In fact, British domino players often refer to dominoes as "cards", and Majong itself may be the ancestor of the Romy clan - a card game, although in China there are no exact faces between the cards and dominoes, the latter made of lacquered paper.

Origin and spread

The earliest references to playing cards and dominoes are found in Chinese documents from the 10th century, but without indicating their names or the games played with them.

British Quiz Quizzes: Card Games and Gambling

Playing cards first appeared in Europe in the 1370s, probably imported or owned by the Mamlukhovs, an Islamic dynasty centered in Italy or Spain, and definitely Egypt. Like the originals, the first European maps were hand-made and, in fact, made as luxury items for the wealthy. The account books of Charles VI of France, now lost, show that Jacquenus Greignel of Paris paid 56 pieces of salt for the painting of the deck of "cards for the entertainment of the king" (pour le divertisement du roy). These small maps were a favorite pastime of the upper classes and spread along trade routes in the 15th century within Europe.

The Xylography discovered in Germany in the early 15th century is important in lowering the cost of creatures that had been further reduced to draw on patterns in France in the 1480s in France. Connected to: PIQUE (Pike), COEUR, CARREAU, TREFL E-British people are known as Vini (Vini), worms, tambaline, and baptism symbols.

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The reduction in price has further expanded the social charm of card games, and its excellent qualities have been strengthened before the classic indoor games. In particular, cards can now create games designed for various players. Until now, it was possible to choose from board games for two people, games like chess, and mult i-dimensional gambling games using bones, but from gambling that does not rush to use cubes, more advanced and spirit using tricks. The way of thinking and personality is different until difficult games. In fact, it is extremely fundamental that card games have delighted more women, and the relevance of card games and temptation has spread widely in European literature and paintings. At this moment, as with the distribution of highly gambling card games, church authorities have been accused of card games and the ban on specific games by civil authorities.

The card reminiscent of gambling, so many rulers had to flood the role of gambling. In France in the 17th century, Cardinal Mazaran, the Minister of Money of Louis XIV, filled the royal wallet and substantially turned Versailles into a trump giant casino. In one state, the state was to monopolize the card creation, fearing that counterfeiters were imprisoned, including fine and death penalty. In addition, some states enjoyed the creative tax. The difficult design of the spike ace drawn on the Map of the British Trump exists in the 18th century (currently does not exist), puts a printing machine on this map with a tax payment permit (see "Stamp Tax Law"). Remember the habit.

Trump production is still a highly competitive market, despite the advantages of printing and manufacturing and the fame of games, but the fame of the game is not declining. In the 20th century, almost all classic vendors were closed or absorbed by larger companies.

Card design

International deck

The more successful and widely accepted card games are divided into four cuts, and each has 13 ranks. For example, each card is definitely identified by cut and rank.

Suits

International decks and normal decks show two dark colors and two reddish colors, that is, a cross, a heart, and diamond. The text of "Pike" is probably derived from the old Spadish spad ("sword"), the "club" is a direct translation of the bust, and the Spanish knife is actually used in the UK before the invention of France (around 1490). It means that. ).

Ranks

Trump Heart set (details) of South American Trump including 10 Jack, Queen, King, and Ace.

Ranks are classified by numbers from 1 to 10 of the "spot card". Apart from this, the three coat cards specified as jack (old trump), queen, and overload are symbolically equivalent to 11, 12, 13, but in fact J, Q. , Kated as K.

In most Western card games, the number 1 is classified as an ace and includes the corresponding name A. Ace is the highest in games, such as most stroke games, based on the first rank superiority for other ranks. In games based on numbers, the ace is usually 1 like a cribage, 11 like a blackjack. In a game where cards are arranged in order, such as Ramy, the ace is both high, low, or both (in the order of roundrobin like Q-K-A-2-3).

Jokers

Standard card games usually include two or more excess cards called jokers, all of which have a normal Cote Jester. There are few games used by jokers, and there are various uses in games used. In a Ramy game like Canasta, the joker is considered "wild" and is used to show any "natural" card. The joker was originally designed to function as the best trump card in this EUHR game (although not this name), and is essentially a famous jack. (It is not considered a descendant of a card called a "fool" in a tarot game). A more successful and widely accepted card game is divided into 52 cards into four cuts and each has 13 ranks. For example, each card is definitely identified by cut and rank.